IoT & Embedded

Non-Intrusive Smart Energy Meter

A clamp-on energy monitor that measures household consumption without any wiring changes and shows live cost and usage. Safe by design because a current transformer clamps around a cable rather than breaking into it.

Difficulty

Intermediate

A small team, or one strong student willing to learn something new.
Effort

1 semester, 2 students

Deliverables

5 to ship

3 optional extras

Suggested stack

ESP32C++CT sensorsMQTTInfluxDBGrafana
A suggestion, not a requirement. Swap anything for what you already know.

What you should ship

  • Current measurement using clamp sensors with calibration against a known load
  • Real and apparent power calculation, including power factor rather than current alone
  • Live display of consumption, cost per hour and cumulative daily cost
  • Historical storage with daily and monthly breakdown
  • Accuracy validation against the utility meter reading over at least 2 weeks

If you have time left

  • Per circuit monitoring with several clamps
  • Anomaly alerts for unusual consumption patterns
  • Time of use tariff support showing the cost of shifting a load to a cheaper period

The problem

Households receive one bill a month and have no idea what caused it. Feedback delayed by four weeks changes nobody's behaviour, whereas live cost information demonstrably does.

What you build

A clamp sensor node, correct power calculation, a live display and historical storage, validated against the utility meter.

Why the safety design matters

A current transformer clamps around the outside of a cable and measures the magnetic field. There is no electrical connection, nothing is rewired, and no mains connection is broken. This is the correct approach for a student project and you should say so explicitly. Never open a consumer unit or modify household wiring.

The technical detail that separates a good project from a naive one

Current alone is not power. Real power requires voltage and phase, and the difference between real and apparent power is the power factor, which matters for anything with a motor. Measuring or reasonably estimating it, and explaining why, is the substance of the measurement work.

The validation that proves it

Compare your cumulative total against the utility meter over two weeks and report the percentage error. This is a hard, objective check that very few student hardware projects provide.

Scope warning

Whole house monitoring first. Per circuit is a stretch goal, and appliance disaggregation is a separate project.

Ideas and guidance, not finished projects

These are project ideas and scoping guidance, published free for students to use as a starting point. I do not build, write, or sell final-year projects, and I do not complete coursework for anyone. Take an idea, make it yours, and build it.

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