Sefism is free for learners. We are here to help you grow, one step at a time.Join for free
Sefism.

Roadmap · Build products

Embedded systems and IoT

Opens with credits

For computer engineering, electrical engineering and CS students who want to build real devices on Arduino and ESP32, STM32 or Raspberry Pi. By the end you can write C for hardware, wire sensors safely, use UART, I2C and SPI, structure firmware with an RTOS, send data over MQTT to a dashboard and show a working device with measured results.

Curated by Tauseef Fayyaz10 stages, 68 topics~13 months at a few hours a week
Start the roadmapSign up to track your progress

By the end, you will be able to

  • Write C that controls hardware directly with bitwise operations, fixed-width types, pointers to registers and volatile, and explain where every variable lives in memory
  • Wire LEDs, buttons, sensors and loads safely using Ohm's law, voltage dividers, pull-ups, correct logic levels and transistor or relay drivers
  • Read sensors over GPIO, ADC, UART, I2C and SPI on your board, debug the bus with a logic analyser and calibrate the readings against a reference
  • Structure firmware with interrupts, timers and FreeRTOS tasks, queues and mutexes, or Linux services on a Raspberry Pi, so several jobs run reliably at once
  • Send readings over Wi-Fi and MQTT to a broker, database and dashboard with alerts, and present a finished device with a power budget, BOM and measured results

The path

10 stages, in the order to learn them. Open one to start.

  1. 1C for embeddedLearn the parts of C that hardware work depends on: exact-width integers, bitwise operations, pointers, volatile and the memory map of a small chip.6 topics · ~6 weeks
    1. 1Why C still runs the hardwareAlmost all microcontroller firmware is written in C, or in C++ used in a C-like way.
    2. 2Fixed-width integer typesThe size of int in C depends on the compiler and chip: 16 bits on the classic Arduino Uno, 32 bits on an ESP32 or STM32.
    3. 3Bitwise operations and masksPeripherals are controlled by registers, and each bit or small group of bits in a register means something: enable the clock, set a pin as output, choose a…
    4. 4Pointers and memory-mapped registersA pointer is a variable holding an address.
    5. 5volatile and compiler optimisationCompilers optimise by assuming a variable only changes when the code they can see changes it.
    6. 6Flash, RAM, stack and heapA microcontroller has flash, which keeps your program and constants when power is off, and a small amount of RAM for everything that changes.
    6 in this stageOpen this stage
  2. 2Electronics you needLearn enough circuit theory to wire parts safely: Ohm's law, resistors for LEDs, voltage dividers, logic levels, pull-ups, a shared ground and clean power.7 topics · ~4 weeks
    1. 1Ohm's law and powerVoltage is the push that moves charge, current is how much charge flows, and resistance opposes the flow.
    2. 2LEDs and current-limiting resistorsAn LED (light-emitting diode) only conducts one way and, once it does, has almost no resistance of its own.
    3. 3Voltage dividersTwo resistors in series across a voltage split it: the midpoint sits at Vout = Vin x R2 / (R1 + R2).
    4. 4Logic levels: 3.3 V and 5 VDigital pins read a voltage as low or high using thresholds, and each chip family has its own.
    5. 5Pull-ups, pull-downs and buttonsAn input pin connected to nothing floats: it picks up noise and reads random values.
    6. 6Common ground and clean powerVoltages are always measured relative to ground, so every connected part must share one: join the ground of each supply, sensor and module.
    7. 7Breadboard, multimeter and a first circuitA breadboard lets you build circuits without soldering: the holes in each short row are connected underneath, and the long rails along the edges carry power…
    7 in this stageOpen this stage
  3. Microcontroller basicsSet up your board's toolchain and learn how firmware controls hardware: GPIO, debouncing, timers and PWM, interrupts and timing without blocking.7 topics · ~6 weeksOpens with credits
  4. Protocols: UART, I2C and SPILearn the three wired buses almost every sensor and module uses, wire each correctly, and prove what is happening on the wire.7 topics · ~5 weeksOpens with credits
  5. Sensors and actuatorsRead the physical world accurately and act on it safely: datasheets, ADCs, calibration and filtering, and switching motors, relays and other loads.7 topics · ~6 weeksOpens with credits
  6. RTOS basicsStructure firmware that does several jobs at once with FreeRTOS tasks, queues, mutexes and semaphores, and avoid the concurrency bugs that appear only under load.6 topics · ~6 weeksOpens with credits
  7. Wireless and IoTGet data off the device: Wi-Fi that recovers from drops, MQTT with sensible topics, QoS and status, BLE and long-range radios, and the security every connected device needs.8 topics · ~6 weeksOpens with credits
  8. Cloud dashboards for devicesCarry readings from the broker into storage, flows and a dashboard people can use, with alerts that are trusted and a clear view of which devices are offline.7 topics · ~5 weeksOpens with credits
  9. Debugging hardwareFind faults when the cause could be code, wiring or power, with a method and the right tools: meters, logic analysers, debuggers, logs, watchdogs and brownout checks.7 topics · ~4 weeksOpens with credits
  10. Portfolio: a working deviceFinish one device properly: a power budget, a tidy build, a bill of materials, measured results from a real test, and a write-up that shows your engineering.6 topics · ~2 monthsOpens with credits
Keep reading

8 more stages, 55 more topics, free with an account.

You have seen the open stages of the Embedded systems and IoT roadmap. Every topic it covers is listed above, and an account opens the rest: what each topic means, a question to check yourself, the courses, the practice and Tauseef's advice for every stage. Early access is open: sign up and your account is active shortly after.

Everything here is free to learn from. A few things, like adding a roadmap, keeping a cheat sheet or asking Tauseef a question, use credits. You get 15 when you join, your first roadmap is free, and if you are learning seriously and run out, you can ask for more. Credits only make sure the platform goes to people who are actually learning.

Sign up freeBook a free call

Build a project

A finished project proves more than a certificate.

Related on Sefism

Picked from the other libraries by shared topics.

Project structures

See all

Career questions

See all
Work with me

Stuck on something specific?

Writing only gets you so far. If you want an answer to your situation rather than the general case, book a session and we will work through it together. Sessions are free for approved Sefism members, and a few slots open each week.

  • 1:1 Mentorship
  • Fresh Graduate Mentorship
  • Career Guidance
Book a free sessionSee all services

Brand deals, promos and partnerships: tauseeffayyaz@gmail.com